The Provisions of the Trustee Act of 2000 Essay - 2

The Provisions of the Trustee Act of 2000 - Essay Example The trustee is the owner of the legal title of property and assets that are held in trust for the benefit of the beneficiaries. As spelled out by Lord Diplock in the case of Gissing v Gissing, a trustee holds the beneficial interest of claimants as cestui Que trust with such testator intention being spelled out in writing. The powers and duties of the trustees are defined in the deed of trust and they must hold regular meetings to demonstrate that they are fulfilling their duties. Trustees are obliged to act in a financially responsible manner to do their best to advance the interests of the trust and to achieve the intent of the testator.In the case of charitable trusts, grants or foundations where the class of beneficiaries is wider and where evidential uncertainties may exist, it places even more importance on the individual discretion of the trustees to invest in a manner that will serve to advance the social goals of the organization rather than be concerned with the accumulatio n of profits. On the whole, trustees have been endowed with the power to exercise their discretion in the matter of investing of the proceeds of the trust and the courts have rarely interfered with the right of the trustees to invest as they see fit. An examination into trust law and history, especially for charitable foundations, reveals the fact that it is not easy to explain why trustees have thus far refrained from investing on the basis of ethical choices.The fiduciary duty of a trustee or a person/s in the position of trustees is set out in the case of Lloyds Bank Limited v Bundy   wherein there is a special relationship between the trustee and beneficiary which places a fiduciary duty on a trustee’s shoulders to faithfully execute the testator’s will and honor his duties. A trustee will be liable for a breach of that trust. Trustees are obliged to act in an even-handed manner without any partiality or undue favoring of one beneficiary over the other, for examp le in the case of Re Smith, the courts held that a failure to act impartially constituted a breach of trust. A trustee is not only expected to exercise a duty in care, he/she is also expected to exercise a duty in cautionary investment and balance them between capital and income investments so that he/she refrains from selecting risky or speculative instruments.

The rise of modern trade unionism in America Essay

The rise of modern trade unionism in America - Essay Example A labor union or a trade union refers to a body that represents workers. Through the leadership of the union, negotiations and bargains take place with the employer on behalf of the employees who in this case are the members of the union. The negotiations are mainly on rules that govern the employee, working conditions; bargain on wages and workplace policy on employee safety among others.In the history of America, the gilded age is a term used to refer to the exceptional polarization of wealth and wastage of the same by the upper class of people in the US after the civil war. This is precisely the period between the 1870s and the 1890s.This polarization of wealth resulted from the expansion of both the population and industries in the United States, (Arthur M. 2000).During this period, there was an extremely rapid growth in small factories mines, stores and other corporations. There was also diversity in race due to the increased immigration rates. The growth in businesses inflated immigration due to the availability of employment opportunities. The wealthy entrepreneurs established corporations, enterprises and major businesses.The gilded age was largely characterized by massive industrial growth. The productivity of American manufacturing was way beyond that of France, Germany, And the Great Britain. The mileage of Railroad grew three times more for the period between 1860 and 1880.The setting up of new areas for the purposes of business farming contributed to the creation of a marketplace that was national. It also inspired a boom in the mining of coal and production of steel. The large desire for capital made it possible for the consolidation of America's financial markets. By the year 1900, economic focus had spread to most of the other ranches of industrialization. Large corporates were dominant in the agriculture and industrial sectors of the economy. The steel industry was also up and coming. There was an increase in the mechanization of the industries and this largely marked the Gilded Age as a cheaper alternative to creating more products. At this time it was recommended that efficiency was sought through the use of machinery rather than workers in order to contribute to fewer motions in a shorter duration of time. The redesign lead to acceleration in the speed of the machinery in the various factories while at the same time increasing the output of the factories and reducing the factory requirements for labor that was skilled, (Fine, Sidney, 1996). The mechanization rendered the unskilled laborers not busy. They were commonly involved in the repetitive and simple tasks with the guidance of an engineer and a foreman who was skilled. The rates of wages increased by the day and so did the numbers of both the skilled and unskilled laborers. Colleges for engineering related courses were added I numbers to meet the demand of expertise and skilled labor force. This turn of events and the massive industrialization contributed to the setting up of a diverse working class that created the wealth that was amassed by the up coming financiers and industrialists. These wealthy industrialists more often than not influenced the business process or even carried out unethical financial manipulations. Due to their unbecoming behavior in financial manipulation, these wealthy industrialists were popularly known as the robber barons, (Smythe, Ted C.; 2003). During this time, there was a minor labor movement that was established by the name of American Federation of labor, (FLA).This movement was however politically involved and featured close associates of the democrats and republicans. Almost all the eligible people into this movement were

A Variety of Society Factors Cause Homelessness Essay Example for Free

A Variety of Society Factors Cause Homelessness Essay National Coalition for the Homeless is a charity that fights to end the homelessness through grassroots organizing, public education, and policy advocacy. They have pointed out the causes for the increasing number of homeless people in the U.S since 2000 in the article â€Å"A Variety of Social Factors Causes Homelessness.† Why is the number of the homeless people increasing day after day in the U.S? Poverty and the homelessness are the current controversial problem that has so many different causes from different countries all over the world. There are three main factors that the National Coalition for the Homeless pointed out in their article such as eroding work opportunities, a decline in public assistance, and a lack of affordable housing in the U.S. Do the authors clearly explain the problem in their article? For an article to be effective, it is imperative that it is clear on its purpose. In the previous essay, the author is successful in identifying the principle behind the article. From the first paragraph, the author is focused on addressing the causes of homelessness in the society (National Coalition for the Homeless 1). Therefore, the reader is aware of the rationale behind the article and its functions after reading the first paragraph. Importantly, this is observable in the consequent paragraphs of the article. The heading choice is consistent with the purpose of the article. The key words in the heading depict that the author is exploring the issue of homelessness in the society. The topic depicts that there are numerous social factors that contribute to the issue of homelessness. This influences the mindset of the readers when they are engaging the article, since they are aware of the contents of the essay, which clarifies that homelessness is a result of complex social factors. This is instrumental in ensuring that the readers comprehend the contents of the article better. When exploring the problem in the article, the author focuses on the predicament of homelessness. In addition, the author uses relevant examples to highlight the problem in depth. This is evident in the statistical data in the third paragraph, which is relevant to the U.S. society: In 2000, 11.3% of the U.S. population, or 31.1 million people, lived in poverty. While the number of poor people has decreased a bit in recent years, the number of people living in extreme poverty has increased (National Coalition of Homelessness, paragraph 3, page 1). The author uses information on poverty levels, and current housing situations to explore the issue of homelessness comprehensively. The author is also clear on the causes of the previous problem. In the article, the author identifies poverty and lack of housing, which is affordable as the primary cause for homelessness in the society. These statistics from the Institute for Children and Poverty are particularly revealing: In the institute fo r Children and Poverty study, 37% of homelessness families had their welfare benefits reduced or cut last year. Additionally, a second study of six states found that between 1997 and 1998, 25% of families who had stopped receiving welfare in the last six months doubled-up on housing to save money, and 23% moved because they could not pay rent (National Coalition of Homelessness, page 2 – 3). However, other secondary causes are also highlighted in the article, and this includes lack of employment, low wages, and a decrease in social support, among others. The author correlates the secondary and primary causes to explore the problem. Despite the author actively highlighting the homelessness problem being experienced in the society, there is not solution provided for the problems. The author concentrates on the social factors which contribute to the problem and how they contribute. The essay is exhaustive when exploring the topic. The author uses numerous examples to explain the significance of the problem. For instance, the author explores the significance of the health sector in the issue of homelessness. This example gives a new dimension to the topic and shows the complexity of the social issues causing homelessness. In addition, the article is valid. This is due to the author’s use of authoritative sources in the field. This is evident in the statistical data, from studies by the Housing and Urban Development (HUD), on the previous problem. The author also engages credible and accurate information on the issue giving the article authority on the topic. The author uses relevant evidence to support the claims of the article. For instance, on this issue of poverty, the author quotes data of average incomes, which is earned by American families: In the data, a 1998 study estimated that 46% of the jobs with the most growth between 1994 and 2005 pay less than $16,000 a year; these jobs will not lift families out of poverty. Moreover, 74% of these jobs pay below a livable wage ($32,185 for a family of four) (National Coalition of Homelessness, page 2). This shows the level of income earned by the American population and its influence in the housing sector. The article also has other relevant examples to support the author’s sentiments. The argument of the author also appeals to the readers emotions. This is clear in the approach of the author to highlight the effect of poverty on society and its influence on homelessness. This elicits emotions from the audience since the issues affect are relatable to the human situation. The article is characterized by the use of data and studies from various authorities on the issue. The author has been effective in making the key words in these studies clear for the audience through elaboration. Therefore, the important words in the article are defined effectively. In the second article, Homelessness is not societys problem, the author uses a challenging title, in that the view is provocative to the addressees. This appears to be a controversial perspective concerning the issue of homelessness due to the emotions related to the topic (Carnacchio 1). Despite the rationale of the article, the argument is not valid since the society cannot disassociate itself from social problems. However, the second article gives for the readers more sides of view about the homeless people. Only some of the homeless people who are not willing to assume the responsibilities associated with maintaining a job and a permanent residence. As White points out, â€Å"In Los Angeles’ inner city, Paul Koegel and M. Audrey Burnam found that nearly 80% of alcoholics in their sample of homeless adults ‘reported that their first alcoholic symptom occurred before they were first homeless’ and that in 57% of the cases this occurred at least five years before their first episode of homelessness.† (Carnacchio, page 2). The article A Variety of Social Factors Causes Homelessness provides a solid argument concerning the issue of homelessness. The author appears to be conversant with the topic and cites authoritative sources on the issue. The topic is instrumental in highlighting the numerous social factors that contribute to homelessness in the American society. Furthermore, homelessness is still a serious problem which has so many different causes but the society have not had the solutions for this problem. From all information of the article, I have learned more knowledge about the causes of homelessness in the U.S. which is a well-developed country but it does exist the homelessness. The cause is not only from the society, but it is also among to all people who are living in this world assume the responsibility for their life and their families. Works Cited National Coalition for the Homeless. A Variety of Social Factors Causes Homelessness. Current Controversies: Poverty and the Homeless. Mary E. Williams. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004. Opposing Viewpoints Resources Center. Gale. Houston Community College. 18. Jan 2013. Carnacchio, C. J. Homelessness Is Not Societys Problem. Opposing Viewpoints: The Homeless. Ed. Jennifer A. Hurley. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2002. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Houston Community College. 21. Jan 2013.

Global Biogeochemical Cycle Of Aluminium Environmental Sciences Essay

Global Biogeochemical Cycle Of Aluminium Environmental Sciences Essay Aluminium is found in atmosphere and the atmospheric input fluxes and solubility are consistent with the seasonality of surface water concentration Data and this yield an average residence time in the upper 100m of 6.5yrs. Atmospheric deposition can either be in two ways either as Dust or rainfall to the open ocean. Lithospheric cycle of aluminium can be in two forms primary and secondary mineral.Biospheric cycle of aluminium although is small but can be found in micro-organisms, plant, invertebrates, vertebrates and humans. All of the cycles overlap because there is a continuous flow of aluminium in the cycle. Aluminium is characterised by its relatively short (2-6 yr) residence time in surface seawater Exley (2003). This short residence time can largely be attributed to the elements rapid hydrolysis rate and the extremely low solubility of the hydrolysis products Exley (2003). INTRODUCTION Aluminium is the most abundant metallic elements in the earth crust (8.1wt) and it is very reactive hence it is not found in nature. Aluminium is also presence in many silicate materials which include feldspars, Mica and amphiboles. The atmosphere plays an important role in material transported from land to sea, with dust deposition forming the major geochemical pathway for the delivery of a number of trace elements Bowie et al (2001). The distribution of aluminium in sea water can be explained by both fluvial inputs and Aeolian crust to the open ocean. The surface concentration of aluminium are predominately influenced by Aeolian dust deposition (Maring and Duce, (1987) However in regions were the dust is not significant, the concentration of aluminium are know to be below the 1Nm in surface water. The aluminium cycle is mostly dominated by it biotic cycles due to the relative abundance in humans. The depositions of aluminium in the atmosphere either wet or dry estimate the presence of aluminium in sea water Exley (2003). Construction of the cycle The retention of aluminium in the lithospheric cycle actively favours the concentration of dissolved aluminium that happens in the oceanic cycle fig1. The reason these were used for the modelling is that it actually measured the lithospheric and biogenic cycle of aluminium but does not detail the oceanic cycle of aluminium in a broad sense while on the other hand, Bowie et al (2007) explained the biogeochemical cycle of aluminium in the open waters and how sediments are dissolved from dust and rainfall provided by atmospheric deposition. The idea behind this was to determine the movement of aluminium between the atmosphere, lithosphere and the biosphere. The table was taken from Exley (2003) and Bowie et al (2007). The abundant of elements in the lithosphere and biosphere is expressed in ppm. The lithospheric cycle The retention of aluminium in the lithosphere is actively favoured as the concentration of dissolved aluminium is limited by the mineral phase of decreasing solubility and hence lower free energy Exley (2003). Primary aluminium rich minerals such as feldspar are formed as a result of cooling of magma in the Earths crust and are dissolved from parent rocks by weathering. The additional dissolution of carbonic acid weathering results in the formation of clay like materials such as kaolinite and other secondary mineral phases Exley (2003). High insoluble particulates absorbed by both the minerals and the organic surfaces are returned to the Earths crust through sedimentation and subduction into the magma. This is the continue cycle as illustrated on fig 1 The Biotic cycle This cycle represent the life forms of micro-organism, plant, invertebrates and humans coming together to form a proportion of the total biotic abundance of aluminium in the cycle represented in fig1. All of these cycle overlap with each other to show that aluminium is present in all food chain Exley (2003). The biospheric abundance of aluminium is an estimate and does not reflect the total amount of aluminium in the cycle Exley (2003). Aluminium in the atmosphere The atmosphere plays an important role in material transports of aluminium from land to sea. With dust deposition forming the major geochemical path way for the delivery of aluminium to the remote open waters (fig 1) aluminium is chiefly associated with mineral aerosol. With the atomic weight of 8.1 and particle size class of >1um aluminium has been used as a valuable tracer of Aeolian inputs into the ocean. Between 1.5% and 10% of Al associated with mineral aerosol is predicted to be dissolved in open waters (Maring and Duce, 1987). Aluminium in the lithosphere This is formed from both primary and secondary minerals and colloidal phase which is taken back to the atmosphere through sedimentary processes Fig1. The earth curst has a thickness of 35 to 40 km at the continent. The retentions of aluminium is extremely with 99.999% of cycled aluminium that is left in the lithosphere (REF) Dissolution and precipitation plays an important role in cycling this element and the dissolution in the aqueous phase. The activity of AL+3 in soil and groundwater is controlled by the precipitation and dissolution reactions and this ca be estimated from the PH and the activities of F and S04-2. Ion exchange plays an important role in retention mechanism for aluminium in acid to neutral Ph regimes. The Aluminium occurs in many silicate rock minerals, such as feldspar, feldspathoids, micas and many amphiboles. Aluminium in soil In weathering process, delay weathering of primary minerals leads to the deposition of sedimentary clay minerals example is alumino -silicates kaolinte and mortmorillonites. When soil goes through weather, silicon is lost more rapidly than alunimuim. In sulfate rich environments, aluminium forms sulphate minerals such as alunite. Much solid aluminium has been identified in soils and the most stable which include the hydroxide (gibbsite) and clay mineral. Aluminium level in soil solution is affected by acid precipitation due to the magnitude been higher than the level in a soil solution. The increase level of aluminium are caused by the lowered PH value of acid precipitation and also by the complexes formed by the inorganic and organic ligands. percolation of acid precipitation through the soil tends to dissolved the least stable soil minerals and raise the levels of aluminium significantly in the subsurface runoff, which ultimately finds it way into channel system of a watershed( ref15). Figure 1 -Data taken from Exley (2003) (a); Bowie et al 2007 (b) Aluminium in sediments In general estuaries environment have been observed to trap aluminium elements which is usually present in greater concentrations in river water than in sea water. Sediments near the months of rivers contain amounts of aluminium (Ref 2). Clay is the most common sedimentary aluminium bearing minerals, typically consist of alternating layers of silicon and aluminium. The general absorption of aluminium by soil and soil clays which is affected by soil acidity determines the toxicity of the element in acid soils. Example is that the present of organic matter in soil lower the Ph of the soil solution below neutral , which makes aluminium more soluble.Fulvic and humic acids act as strong agents for aluminium (Ref 9) Aluminium in Natural waters The concentration of aluminium in natural waters depends primarily on pH. Inspite of the fact that aluminium is an abundant element, they rarely occur in natural waters in concentration greater than a few tenth of a milligram per litter as long as the Ph is nearly neutral. The concentration of aluminium in sea water has been reported as 0.01mg/1, probably present as aluminium hydroxide (REF 7). The concentration of aluminium in river water can vary considerably with flow. It readily precipitates in natural water to form particulate or colloidal hydroxide; however under the turbulent conditions of high flow, it can be dissolved from suspended minerals (Ref 14). Aluminium is readily soluble at pH Conclusion The elements extreme insolubility and biogeochemical reactivity results in very low dissolved AL concentration .Although this is due to the removal from the water column. Lithospheric abundance of aluminium is quiet an indication that it is close to the living organism at about 1mm. The biospheric abundance of an element is relative to its lithosphere which shows that geochemical origin with time and also gives more accurate reflections of the mechanisms which dominate the biogeochemical cycling of those elements (ref)

Progressivism Essay examples -- Progressivism American History Essays

Progressivism The Progressive Movement in the late nineteenth century, early twentieth century presented quite a situation for historians to conquer. At the turn of the twentieth century political questioning was the norm. Practically every historian that writes about this time period has a different opinion of what made up â€Å"Progressive Movement,† some even going so far to beg the question if it was actually a movement or if it was more of an â€Å"era.† The two are interchanged so often that they have in many ways come to mean the same thing although according to some they are distinctly different. The four works, Richard Hofstadter's The Age of Reform, Peter Filene's "An Obituary for the Progressive Movement," Richard McCormick's "The Discovery that Business Corrupts Politics," Paula Baker's "The Domestication of Politics" all discuss the Progressive â€Å"time period† in varying degrees of depth. The four historians all wrote after the 1950’s when the age in question was clearly over. Richard Hofstadter’s book discussed all facets of the age from the mid to late 1800’s to the early and middle 1900’s he touches on the politics, the economics and the social and societal conditions of the age. The Age of Reform, specifically, covers the time period from the 1870’s to the 1940’s. He includes populism, progressivism and the New Deal as main topics in his book and it is mainly biographical in nature. He discusses which groups attempted certain reforms and the part of the era it occurred during. He attempts to explain why they attempted when they did and the political atmosphere. He even notes the geographic locations of specific â€Å"pushes† in some cases. Hofstadter, like most historians agrees that reform is the defining feature of th... ...gument that there was no actual â€Å"movement.† Anyone with a political affiliation or any interest in politics at the time championed one of the ideas of the progressives. The progressives were the people seeking reforms in all agencies and aspects of life. With the changing time and with the wavering leaders and growing uncertainty of the party politics everyone was attempting to change what they could. The time period between the mid nineteenth century and the mid twentieth century did not house the progressive movement, it was the progressive era. Sources: Richard Hofstadter's The Age of Reform Peter Filene's "An Obituary for the Progressive Movement" (Article 1) Richard McCormick's "The Discovery that Business Corrupts Politics" (Article 2) Paula Baker's "The Domestication of Politics" (Article 3) *all three articles were taken off of the database JSTOR

John Nash, A Beautiful Mind Essay -- Mental Health, Schizophrenia

WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? The modern definition of schizophrenia describes it as a long-lasting psychotic disorder (involving a severe break with reality), in which there is an inability to distinguish what is real from fantasy as well as disturbances in thinking, emotions, behavior, and perception (Cicarelli, p. 557). SYMPTOMS Schizophrenia includes several symptoms. One common symptom is delusions, which are false beliefs that the person holds and that tend to remain fixed and unshakable even in the face of evidence that disproves the delusions (Cicarelli, p. 557). Other common symptoms include speech disturbances, in which people with schizophrenia make up words, repeat words or sentences persistently, string words together on the basis of sounds, and experience sudden interruptions in speech or thought. The thought patterns of those with schizophrenia are also significantly disturbed, as they have difficulty linking their thoughts together in logical ways (Cicarelli, p. 557). Individuals with schizophrenia may also experience hallucinations, in which they hear voices or see things or people who are not really there. Hearing voices and emotional disturbances are key symptoms in making a diagnosis of schizophrenia. An emotional disturbance known as flat effect is a condition in which the person shows little or no emotion. For example, emotions can be excessive and/or inappropriate - a person might laugh when it would be more appropriate to cry (Cicarelli, p. 557). A person with schizophrenia might also exhibit disorganized and extremely odd behavior. For example, some forms of schizophrenia are accompanied by periods of complete immobility, whereas others may involve weird facial grimaces and odd gesturing. Attention is al... ...nly suffered from auditory, not visual, hallucinations. There is also a seen in the film in which Nash is being presented with pens from faculty members. In reality, no such custom exits. â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† is a remarkable movie that sheds light on a complicated and debilitating disorder, in which the person seems to have no control over. It is enlightening and heart warming, I would highly recommend this movie. I must admit, the first time I watch the movie, I went into it not knowing anything about schizophrenia and when it was over, I still felt like I didn’t fully understand the disorder; however, the second time I watched with the knowledge of what schizophrenia is and all of the various symptoms and I find it astonishing that Nash was able to overcome the disorder by sheer willpower over his own mind, as he chose to ignore the voices in his head.

Hate Speech Essay

Hate speech is a form of communication that discriminates against one person or one group. â€Å"Hate speech is a term for speech intended to degrade, intimidate, or incite violence or prejudicial action against someone based on race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, or disability. The term covers written as well as oral communication.† (USA Education Guides). In many countries, the right to free speech is guaranteed under the constitution, however, it is a right that should not be used to discriminate, abuse or undermine other people. Many people do misuse of the rights that they have in a democratic society and it can often hurt others in many ways. Although freedom of expression should be respected, hate speech is a form of discrimination that should be punishable by law. Many people believe that freedom of expression gives them the right to talk about absolutely everything and they can really talk about everything, as long as it does not discrimina te against another person. Hate speech ridicules and belittles people who do not need to hear it. Freedom of expression has to be a limit; the right of freedom of expression is not absolute because it can influence the other people’ life. People cannot say anything calumnious or slanderous without consequences, like be punishable by law. As a famous phrase says: â€Å"your right ends where the other’s right begins†. It means that the right of a person ends from the moment that this person interferes negatively in the life of another person. The right of people is about their own lives. People have the right to have whatever views they would like. However, having a view and mistreating others are two very different things. A person can have any view they like as long as it is simply their view. According to Marsden Rachel, In support of a democratic community, people can do anything they want until their behavior violates anyone’s freedom. Thenceforth, the government must to intervene in, if only to keep individual freedom. If the government doesn’t intervene in those situations, when interference would be required to adjust the situation, then the situation can stay out of control until the time when major providences will be taken. (Rachel). People who defend hate speech think that the society should know how to deal with the opinions of others but they forget that people who are discriminated against can be excluded from society because of hate speech. People should learn to listen to criticism, which can be constructive, not insults, which are malicious. Criticize a person can be a good thing, giving opinions to improve the person and it something that should be done, with respect, by everyone. Insult is a verbal violence which aims to humiliate and belittle others. People became isolated, can get sick and sometimes may commit suicide when they are victims of hate speech because it can change their behavior. According to a research conducted by some professors in the Syracuse University, correlation between hate speech and suicide rates remains constant. Some people committed suicide after be victimized by the society due to sexual orientation, race or religion, for example (â€Å"Correlation†). When a person practices hate speech, it can influence other people to do the same thing, like a â€Å"snowball† effect, increasing the withdrawal of discriminated people from society and friends. Everybody has the right to ra ise children according to their family’s beliefs. However when parents teach their children to discriminate against other people, hate speech will spread around the world; children should not be raised to discriminate others. Children should learn from birth that discrimination of other people is wrong regardless the religion, for example, and that everyone is equal because children are the future of society. This idea about ridding children of hate speech should be a global consensus. Children should play with other children of another religion, race, colour, ethnic, origin or sexual orientation, for example. It is important because the children should learn with different people and new cultures to see that hate speech is not necessary because all of them are equal. Family’s beliefs are to keep the family tradition and raise children, and a family’s beliefs must respect other family’s beliefs. Some people think that anyone who does not belong to predetermined standards by society should be eliminated from society. This kind of thinking can be considered the most advanced stage of hate speech and it can reach dangerous proportions. Genocide is an extreme action caused by hate speech and it is one of only a few kinds of attitudes that is identified as a crime under international law, similar to other cruel crimes. People must learn to accept, to adapt and to live toge ther with different people. The world would be boring if everyone was the same in everything. Each person has a role in society and nobody is more important than others. A person has the right to be like the person is and he or she should not change to please others. Everyone has to realize how dangerous hate speech can be and the consequences that it can generate. According to Arthur Joyce, hate speech is a harmful thing that can affect the people’s behavior because of its strength. The violence can also be caused by words, not only by physical violence and an example for it is the killing of the people who promoted abortion in the USA. Hate speech develops separation and bigotry; it also damages people who are discriminated. (Joyce & Tatchell) Just because a person is different and is out from â€Å"society’s standards†, this person must not be discriminated against, humiliated nor required to listen to hate speech from others just because the others can say a nything they want. Therefore, people who practice hate speech should be punished by law. Freedom of expression must have a limit, children can be raised according to family’s beliefs, but respecting others, people must learn to live together with others and people who practice hate speech should be punished in order to have a society with justice and equality where people are united and without discrimination. Hate speech is not only hurtful but it can kills discriminated against people in its most advanced stage. Think of hate speech as a disease with a cure. The cure is education and awareness together with personal empathy for others. Every people who practices hate speech and offends others should be punished by law with imprisonment, fine or volunteer work, depending on the case. Works cited: Arthur Joyce, Peter Tatchell. â€Å"Argument – Should hate speech be a crime?† New Internationalist. Dec 2012. New Internationalist Magazine. 25 Jul 2013. â€Å"Correlation between hate speech and suicide rates remains constant†. News Medical, 13 Aug 2004. < http://www.news-medical.net/news/2004/08/13/4050.aspx>. 29 Jul 2013. â€Å"Glossary of American Academic Terms†. USA Education Guides. . 25 Jul 2013. â€Å"Hate speech†. Article 10. . 29 Jul 2013. Marsden, Rachel. â€Å"Your Rights End Where Mine Begin†. Copyright 2011. . 29 July 2013. Slick, Matt. â€Å"What is Hate Speech?†. CARM. . 30 Jul 2013. â€Å"When is it hate speech?: 7 significant Canadian cases†. 12 Oct 2011. CBC News. 24 Jul 2013.